Diez misterios de la ciencia sin resolver - de10.com.mx

Diez misterios de la ciencia sin resolver - de10.com.mx

cleopatra vs calamity jane

Cleopatra

Sira Cleopatra was the daughter of Antiochus III the Great, king of Syria, and Laodice III, therefore, was the sister of Seleucus IV and Antiochus IV Philopator.
In 193 a. C. married Pharaoh Ptolemy V. It was only a political marriage, that Egypt was an allyof Syria. Antiochus III gave some provinces, including Judea, as dowry for his daughter. They had two sons, Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II and a daughter.
In the year 187 a. C., was appointed vizier and the death of her husband in the year 180 a. C., ruled on behalf of his son Ptolemy VI. He maintained a good relationship with the SeleucidEmpire, especially with his brother Seleucus IV who died almost simultaneously, leaving twosons and a daughter, which would be subject to greed them uncle and brother of Cleopatraand Seleucus, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the which, when captured his nephew not executed by the memory of her sister.

Calamity jane

Calamity Jane was born in Princeton, Missouri, being the eldest of six siblings (two brothers and four sisters). His mother died in 1866 and his father in 1867 (in Utah). He lived for a time inVirginia City, Montana. Received little or no formal education but could read and write. In 1868, aged 16, assumed the role of head of his family and moved with her to Fort Bridger, Wyoming.Later he moved to Piedmont, Wyoming. There he established with his brothers, struggling tofind a home to give them welcome. In stories of this time, Jane was described as attractive,dark eyes. He moved toward outdoor adventurous life harder in the Great Plains.
Signed as a scout in 1870 and took the soldier's uniform, although it is not clear whether it wasenlisted in the U.S. Army at this time. Since then lost almost all contact with their younger siblings, preferring to lead a wild life and moved. Calamity Jane, as would be known, led acolorful and busy life since 1870 but, as historians have discovered, was prone to exaggerations and outright lies about his exploits.

Cleopatra Sira fue hija de Antíoco III el Grande, rey de Siria, y Laodice III; por tanto, era hermana de Seleuco IV Filopátor y Antíoco IV.

En 193 a. C. se casó con el faraón Ptolomeo V. Fue sólo un matrimonio político, para que Egipto quedara como aliada de Siria. Antíoco III entregó algunas provincias, entre ellas Judea, como pago de la dote de su hija. Tuvieron dos hijos, Ptolomeo VI y Ptolomeo VIII; y una hija Cleopatra II.

En el año 187 a. C., fue designada visir y a la muerte de su marido en el año 180 a. C., gobernó en nombre de su hijo Ptolomeo VI. Mantuvo una buena relación con elImperio seléucida, especialmente con su hermano Seleuco IV con el cual murió casi simultáneamente dejando dos hijos y una hija, los cuales serían objeto de codicia del tío de ellos y hermano de Cleopatra y Seleuco, Antioco IV Epifanes, el cual, cuando capturó a su sobrino no lo ejecutó por el recuerdo de su hermana.

top 5 coolest things in space

Since day one, at least day one of human existence, we’ve looked to the stars and beyond, and in them we’ve found faith, dreams, inspiration, direction, and love. From our scriptures to NASA and from the moon to Mars, we’ve searched for answers about ourselves and things far greater. Unfortunately, with modern urbanization, and its corresponding light pollution, it has become increasingly difficult to enjoy space in all its glory.

Here is ones of the most knowed:

.Halley’s Comet

Distance from Earth: 0.000000474 light years (closest approach)

Many of us remember Halley’s Comet’s last approach in 1986, and if you were young at that time you may have yet another chance within your lifetime to see this phenomenon; the next scheduled passing is in 2061. Since Halley’s Comet’s first observation in 240 BC (and being recognized as a periodic comet — arriving every 75 to 76 years — in the 18th century), the ’86 passing was the least spectacular due to urban light pollution. In fact, the light pollution was so bad that many amateur astronomers were forced to travel to the southern hemisphere if they hoped to catch a glimpse of one of the most accessible cool things in space. Despite the handicaps provided by modern civilization for terrestrial-bound persons, space programs throughout the world literally reached for the sky as they sent a number of probes (nicknamed the Halley Armada) into space. These probes managed to capture the first images of Halley’s Comet’s nucleus and an ultraviolet space telescope helped Soviet scientists put together a model of Halley’s Comet.

What might surprise us the most is that while Halley’s Comet appears bright and shiny from our perspective on Earth, it’s actually black as coal and only reflects about 4% of the sun’s light. Another surprise is its small size; the nucleus of Halley’s Comet is only 15 kilometers long, 8 kilometers wide and about 8 kilometers thick, however, the coma stretches back about 100 kilometers.

The Helix Nebula

Distance from Earth: 700 light years

As the closest bright planetary nebulae to Earth, the Helix Nebula provides plenty of great photo ops from the Hubble telescope and other ground-based telescopes. The Helix Nebula, part of the Aquarius constellation, was first discovered around 1824 by Karl Ludwig Harding, but it wasn’t till about 2003 when this phenomenon received its “Eye of God” nickname. If this were truly the Eye of God, its proximity to us makes total sense since there aren’t many parents who don’t want to keep close tabs on their depraved children.

The Helix Nebula is named as such because, from our earthly position, it appears that we are looking down a helix, the shape of a cross-section of DNA. The Helix Nebula is a planetary nebula and its core will eventually become a white dwarf star. It’s also this central core that glows and causes the light show in the surrounding gases.

3.The Eagle Nebula

Distance from Earth: 7,000 light years

The Eagle Nebula is interesting not only because you can see its brightest star with a good pair of binoculars, but also because in 2007 scientists discovered evidence that led them to believe a nearby supernova destroyed the distinctive Pillars within the Eagle Nebula some 6,000 years ago; however, the light that will reveal the new shape won’t reach Earth for another 1,000 years.

Another interesting aspect of Eagle Nebula, which is part of the Serpens constellation and was discovered in 1745-’46 by Jean-Philip de Cheseaux, is the fact that there is a whole open cluster of bright blue stars being formed.

2.The Witch Head Nebula

Distance from Earth: 1,000 light years

The Witch Head Nebula, which looks like a right-facing profile of a witch, is located near what’s likely the most recognizable constellation to most people — Orion. Although it’s officially a part of the Eridanus constellation, it is Orion’s Rigel star (located at the bottom right corner of Orion) that illuminates the Witch Head Nebula. The Witch Head Nebula appears blue due to the combination of Rigel’s blue color and the dust within the nebula’s cloud that reflects blue light better than red (it’s the same physical process that causes the Earth’s daytime sky to appear blue).

1.The Horsehead Nebula

Distance from Earth: 1,500 light years

Another space phenomenon found in the Orion constellation (to the right of the left-most star in Orion’s belt) is the Horsehead Nebula. First seen in 1888, the Horsehead Nebula is part of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex and is a dark cloud of swirling dust that blocks the light from the bright red emission nebula behind it. Bringing the Horsehead Nebula down to Earth, South Park’s character, “Biggest Douche in the universe,” was from this randomly formed cloud.

• 1. Saturn's moon Titan has plenty of evidence of organic (life) chemicals in its atmosphere.
• 2. Life is known to exist only on Earth, but in 1986 NASA found what they thought might be fossils of microscopic living things in a rock from Mars.
• 3. Most scientists say life's basic chemicals formed on the Earth. The astronomer Fred Hoyle said they came from space.
• 4. Oxygen is circulated around the helmet in space suits in order to prevent the visor from misting.
• 5. The middle layers of space suits are blown up like a balloon to press against the astronaut's body. Without this pressure, the astronaut's body would boil!
• 6. The gloves included in the space suit have silicon rubber fingertips which allow the astronaut some sense of touch.
• 7. The full cost of a spacesuit is about $11 million although 70% of this is for the backpack and the control module.
• 8. Ever wondered how the pull of gravity is calculated between heavenly bodies? It's simple. Just multiply their masses together, and then divide the total by the square of the distance between them.
• 9. Glowing nebulae are named so because they give off a dim, red light, as the hydrogen gas in them is heated by radiation from the nearby stars.
• 10. The Drake Equation was proposed by astronomer Frank Drake to work out how many civilizations there could be in our galaxy - and the figure is in millions.
• 11. SETI is the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence - the program that analyzes radio signals from space for signs of intelligent life.
• 12. The Milky Way galaxy we live in: is one among the BILLIONS in space.
• 10. The Atmosphere
  
  Many layers of atmosphere coat our planet including the mesosphere, ionosphere, exosphere, and the thermosphere, but it’s the troposphere, closest to the planet itself, that supports our lives and is, in fact, the thinnest at only about 10 miles high.
  9. Deserts
  
  Believe it or not, most of the Earth’s deserts are not composed entirely of sand. Much, about 85% of them, are rocks and gravel. The largest, the Sahara, fills about 1/3 of Africa (and it is growing constantly) which would nearly fill the continental United States.
  8. The Big Blue Marble
  
  The Earth is, in fact, not really round. It is called an oblate spheroid meaning it’s slightly flattened on the top and bottom poles.
  7. Salty Oceans
  
  If you could evaporate all the water out of all the oceans and spread the resulting salt over all the land on Earth, you would have a five hundred-foot layer coating everything.
  6. Lakes and Seas
  
  The largest inland sea (or, sometimes called a lake) is the Caspian Sea which is on the border of Iran and Russia.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  5. Mountains
  
  The Andes Mountain range in South America is 4,525 miles long and ranks, as the world’s longest. Second Longest: The Rockies; Third: Himalayas; Fourth: The Great Dividing Range in Australia; Fifth: Trans-Antarctic Mountains. For every 980 feet you climb up a mountain, the temperature drops 3-1/2 degrees.
  4. Deep Water
  
  The deepest lake in the world is in the former USSR and it is Lake Baikal. It has a length of 400 miles, a width of roughly 30, but its depth is just over a mile: 5,371 feet down. It is deep enough, so is speculated, that all five of the next largest lakes: The Great Lakes could be emptied into it.
  3. Shaky Ground
  
  Earthquakes can be catastrophically destructive and many a year are deadly. However, the Earth releases about 1 million a year, almost all are never even registered.
  2. Hot, Hot, Hot
  
  Most people believe that Death Valley, California, U.S.A. is the hottest place on Earth. Well, occasionally it is, but the hottest recorded temperature was from Azizia in Libya recording a temperature of 136 degrees Fahrenheit (57.8 Celsius) on Sept. 13, 1922. In Death Valley, it got up to 134 Fahrenheit on July 10, 1913.
  1. Dust in the Wind
  
  Experts from the USGS claim that roughly 1,000 tons of space debris rains down on Earth every year.
  Source: Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader

El uso de robots fuera de las aplicaciones industriales desde hace varios años ha comenzando a mostrar un gran avance en el aporte de soluciones para muchas necesidades que el hombre tiene y que van creciendo día tras día en busca de una mejor forma de vida, mejorando el desarrollo de la sociedad en todos los campos en que exista la posibilidad de robotización. Y de esa necesidad nace una nueva era para el sector agrícola, la era de los robots agricultores, o porque no decirlo, la era de los androides granjeros. Suena un poco fuerte el hablar de androides, pero con ello desde nuestro punto de vista queremos destacar que los robots no son un reemplazo de los humanos, sino herramientas, máquinas y sistemas que nos pueden servir para mejorar en muchos aspectos de nuestra vida. Hace décadas parecía un sueño, pero hoy es posible que un robot pueda realizar tareas propias del hombre. Su empleo en el caso de la agricultura, específicamente en los invernaderos, abre amplias posibilidades productivas, sobre todo en países donde la escasez de mano de obra es un problema. Así podemos observar robots que cosechan, cortan o aplican riegos con una precisión que, incluso, supera la mano del hombre. La aplicación de la robótica en ámbitos diferentes del industrial se remonta a 20 años atrás, el concepto de robóts de servicio no apareció hasta 1989 en el que Joseph Engelberger publicó el libro "Robotics in Service". Un robot de servicio es un robot que opera de manera semi o totalmente autónoma para realizar servicios útiles a los humanos y equipos, excluidas las operaciones de manufactura (según la Federación Internacional de Robótica, el IFR). Las aplicaciones de los robots de servicio se podrían clasificar.